Badania przydatności bydgoskich rozdrabniaczy laboratoryjnych
RESEARCH ON THE USEFULNESS OF BYDGOSZCZ’S LABORATORY GRINDERS
In this paper there are presented technical characteristics of 6 different designs of grinders – mills (developed and implemented by Polish researchers) for milling test samples of grains, rape, bakery products, etc. Considering the mills’ design and way of operation the division into distinctive groups is made on the way they facilitate practical application in a laboratory setting. There is also determined the milling capability, the impact of the grinding time on the granulation as well as on the usefulness for determining the research parameters used in quality assessment of grains.
Key words: grinding, grain, wheat, rape
J. Sadkiewicz, Ł. Romanowski str. 269
Mierzalna zmiana stanu lub funkcji gleby po zastosowaniu komunalnych osadów ściekowych
MEASURABLE CHANGE OF SOIL STATE OR FUNCTION AFTER APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
The paper summarizes the increase of metal content in the soil after a single application of sewage sludge containing a maximum concentration of heavy metals, depending on the soil type and the purpose of sewage sludge application. The obtained results indicate the existence of a very large margin of safety in the application of sludge on soils with an average content of heavy metals. Analysis of heavy metals content in the examined soils confirmed that the application of sewage sludge that contain at most permissible amount of heavy metals, in most cases, will not lead to exceeding their permissible concentration. Legal regulations on the use of sewage sludge ensure environment protection in case of analyzed compounds.
Key words: sewage sludge, calcium oxide, heavy metals
J. Bańkowski, J. Hermann str. 276
Influence of vehicle cars with electric drive on environment
WPŁYW POJAZDÓW SAMOCHODOWYCH Z NAPĘDEM ELEKTRYCZNYM NA ŚRODOWISKO
W opracowaniu dokonano oceny wpływu pojazdów samochodowych z napędem elektrycznym na środowisko. Przedstawiono zastosowanie napędu elektrycznego na wybranych przykładach oraz scharakteryzowano istotę działania pojazdów hybrydowych. Porównano także wpływ na środowisko pojazdów z napędem elektrycznym i spalinowym.
Słowa kluczowe: globalne ocieplenie, LCA, odnawialne źródła energii, pojazdy hybrydowe, pojazdy samochodowe z napędem elektrycznym, pojazdy samochodowe z napędem spalinowym, zanieczyszczenia powietrza
I. Piasecka, D. Tomporowski str. 284
Ochrona przed drganiami mostów o długich przęsłach
VIBRATION PROTECTION OF LONG–SPAN BRIDGES
In this paper are presented the most important wind–induced vibration control methods of the long span–bridges. It is performed a review of shapes of girder bridges which change with the span of bridge. It is discussed response of a long–span bridge to various wind–induced aerodynamic phenomena and is shown the means for its reduction. It is noticed the reduction of vibration level of cable by change cable shape, rearranging the cables. It is given the examples of the longest span suspension and cable–stayed bridges in the world to illustrate the scale of applying of wind–induced vibration control methods.
Key words: long–span bridges, wind–induced vibrations, reduction of vibrations, vibration control
W. Sakiewicz str. 292
Badanie i formalizacja nierównomierności rozdrabniania funkcją losową
RESEARCH AND FORMALIZATION OF INEQUALITY SHREDDING RANDOM FUNCTION
The record of irregularity, registered in the time interval, is called the execution of stochastic irregularity of the grinding process. The construction features of the grinding tool, parameters of the process and individual features of ground and biological material of anisotropic structure influence their shape. When analyzing the registered data, during the examinations of irregularities of the grinding process, one may notice that each of the records presents the unique real curve, functions of two variables, of time and elementary parameter.
Key words: non–uniformity, grinding, multi–edge–grinders
A. Tomporowski1, M. Opielak2 str. 299
Efektywność energetyczna technologii i życia codziennego
TECHNOLOGY AND EVERYDAY LIFE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
In the article demonstrated the need for action and, in particular, creative technology solutions to increase energy ecological and economic efficiency in the area of industries, transport and daily life.
Key words: process efficiency, cognitive control
J. B. Flizikowski str. 305