Kryteria oceny zmian zawartoci niklu w rodowisku przyrodniczym w zasigu wpywu punktowego róda emisji
CRITERION OF EVALUATION CHANGE OF NICKEL CONTENTS IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ON RANGE INFLUENCE EMISSION OF ONE POINT SOURCE
R. Rochel, J. Kwapuliski, M. Zielonka, D. Griger, J. Wiaderkiewicz, D. Kmak–Kapusta, D. Jabecka, M. Surma str. 140
The
factor of specific accumulation for collected plants in range of
influence of emission Miasteczko lskie smelter in comparison to observed
values for plants from Tatra National Park are greater about 50–320
times. The comparison concering only average element content in given
species of plants (n = 10), occurring on this areas. For estimation of
the changes in environment aplicate one factor of specific accumulation
of nickel, established for Urtica dioica L., as everywhere species
Key words: nickel, morphological parts, plant, emission
Wyznaczanie udziau form bezporednio i potencjalnie biodostpnych niklu w glebie
THE ESTIMATION OF THE PART DIRECTLY AND POTENTIAL BIOAVAILABILITY FORMS NICKEL IN SOIL
J. Kwapuliski, E. Królak, R. Rochel, M. Zielonka, D. Kapusta str. 146
In
the paper mainly the changes nickel contents in soil in function of the
changes directly and indirectly were presented. Rectilinear range of
the changes suggest on proportional presence these form in soil. The
comparison of factor k1 and k2 indicate also on greater important in
cycle of migration of nickel for exchangeable and adsorbed ion.
Moreover
detailed described the degree of important bioavailability nickel in
soil. In cause occurrence acid rains the potential bioavailability can
to increase the total nickel contents in soil. The range of important
directly bioavailability forms is somewhat minor.
Podstawy rozwoju przetwarzania mas makulaturowych w mynach
DEVELOPMENT BASIS OF WASTE PAPER TREATMENT IN REFINERS
A. Mroziski str. 151
In
the paper there was presented investigation methodology of power
consumption by disc refiner, which worked on industrial scale. In the
article there was presented the structure of qualitative and energetic
model, which described beating process of waste–paper stock in disc
refiner. Author has chosen the basic parameters of this process, which
can be obtained during investigations on industrial scale. The volume
of total power consumption for changing gape between discs and for some
of remaining and defined technological parameters of refiner work was
examined and described. This enabled to define real volume of individual
component powers. The refiner work conditions, in which the process
being carried out can applied for obtaining the best results of
beating, were defined. Presented conception of mathematical models
elaboration enabled the comprehensive solution of the problem of
mutual relations of power consumption components in relation to working
conditions of investigated refiner grinding unit. Accepted assumptions
and methods of logical proceeding resulted in elaboration of original
work algorithm and finally led to the elaboration of the unique graph:
(Nc, Nm, Nt, Nr) = f(x).
Key words: disc refiner, beating, power consumption, waste–paper
Problemy gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi ulegajcymi biodegradacji na przykadzie woj. lubelskiego
THE PROBLEMS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE MUNICIPAL FOR EXAMPLE WOJ. LUBELSKIEGO
H. Marczak str. 159
The
requirements for Polish and woj. lubelskiego in reducing the amount of
municipal waste landfilled biodegradable. Based on data for woj.
lublelsiego reduce the estimated balance sheet as a result of selective
collection, the weight of municipal waste landfilled biodegradable. The
missing performance installation for biological transformation of
biodegradable waste for woj. lubelskiego. In order to achieve the
required reduction in the mass storage of biodegradable municipal waste
in woj. Lublin, it is necessary to the construction of installations for
the processing of mixed waste. These are in particular plants for the
mechanical and biological treatment of waste. An assessment of the
installations for the reduction of biodegradable waste. Estimated
technical potential for biogas from waste. It has been assumed that in
the process of methane fermentation of 1 kg of dry organic matter
contained in the waste is obtained 0,385–0,458 mn3 biogas. The results
of calculations of energy, which are possible for use with biogas.
Key
words: municipal waste, biodegradable waste, mechanical–biological
waste treatment, methane fermentation, biogas, energy from biogas.
Wpyw sposobu uprawy roli na aktywno enzymatyczn gleby i plon kukurydzy
EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEM ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN SOIL AND MAIZE YIELD
M. Natywa, Leszek Majchrzak, Aleksandra Sawicka str. 171
The
aim of the studies was determine the impact of different soil tillage
systems as well as conventional, direct seeding and crop residue
(control– stubble, wheat straw, spring vetch, oat and white mustard) on
the dehydrogenase activity in soil and maize yield. The experiment was
carried out at ZDD Swadzim belong to Pozna University of Life Sciences
and it included 10 experimental plots which were sown with maize. Soil
samples for analyses were taken in 5 terms in the vegetation season:
before sowing (control), in the phase of 2–3 leaves, in the phase of 7–8
leaves, in the phase of tasseling and after harvest of maize.
For
the determination of dehydrogenases activity, the Thalmann’s method was
applied [38]. It was found, that the highest activity of dehydrogenases
was recorded in summer, in the phase of tasseling. Number of plants was
significantly higher on the treatments with ploughing tillage and higher
fresh matter yield of maize and cobs yield was observed on the
treatment with traditional tillage.
Key words: dehydrogenases, soil enzymes, maize, soil, direct seeding, conventional tillage, crop residue
Dynamika opadów atmosferycznych a zasobno zwizków biogenicznych i materii organicznej w jeziorach ródlenych
THE DYNAMICS OF PRECIPITATION AND THE ABUNDANCE OF BIOGENIC COMPOUNDS AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN MID–FOREST LAKES
T. Joniak str. 178
The
values of physical and chemical parameters of water versus a decreasing
of the precipitation amounts in dystrophic humic lakes were analysed.
The subject of the investigation were the three small mid–forest,
postglacial lakes differing between the content of humic substances and
organic carbon, lie in north–western Poland. In period of investigations
the reduction of annual precipitations exceeded 30%. The analyses
included physically and chemically features of water, especially
dissolved organic compounds (DOM, TOC, and DHS) as well as mineral
(hardness, form of phosphorus and nitrogen). The lakes were differed in
terms of TOC and DHS concentration. The rise of humic status of water
was accompanied by increased participation of organic carbon of humic
acids. In each lake the effects of reduction of precipitations were
other: in polyhumic lake was noted high increase concentrations of DOM,
and in meso– and oligohumic lake the decrease of abundance of mineral
compounds.
Key words: lake, reduction of precipitations, catchment area, mineral substances, organic matter.
Ocena procesu kofermentacji mieszaniny pomiotu kurzego, organicznej biomasy rolinnej i osadów ciekowych
EVALUATION OF THE CO–DIGESTION PROCESS UTILIZING POULTRY MANURE, PLANT WASTES AND SEWAGE SLUDGE
S. Borowski, J. Domaski str. 182
A
study of the anaerobic co–digestion of sewage sludge with poultry
manure and organic biowaste in a laboratory batch conditions was
undertaken. The anaerobic mesophilic digestion was applied for the
treatment of primary and waste activated sludge from Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plant in ód together with manure from non–litter
poultry farming in Zgierz and with organic biowaste. It was found that
waste activated sludge itself and its mixture with primary sludge had a
relatively large potential for biogas production and anaerobic
decomposition, however, a 10 % addition of poultry manure significantly
increased this yield. The mixture of primary and waste activated sludge
with poultry manure in the ratio of 65 : 25 : 10 turned out to be the
most optimal in terms of the digestion efficiency. The co–digestion of
that mixture lead to yield 0,42 dm3 biogas from 1 kg of organic solids,
and to obtain the organic soilds reduction of over 50 %. A poor
biodegradability of organic biowaste was also reported since even a 10 %
addition of that waste to the sludge inhibited the biogas production
during digestion.
Key words: co–digestion, poultry manure, sewage sludge, stabilization, biogas
Modelling uniformity of loads of biological materials multi–edge grinders
MODELOWANIE RÓWNOMIERNOCI OBCIE WIELOKRAWDZIOWYCH ROZDRABNIACZY MATERIAÓW BIOLOGICZNYCH
A. Tomporowski str. 187
W
pracy przeprowadzono modelowanie równomiernoci obcie wielokrawdziowych
rozdrabniaczy materiaów biologicznych. Dla przyjtych zaoe zaproponowano
model fizyczny w postaci funkcji trygonometrycznej i wykadniczej.
Zaproponowana metodyka modelowania matematycznego krzywej
nierównomiernoci biegu maszyny i samego procesu rozdrabniania wypenia
oczekiwania odnonie rozwoju, w kierunku: wysokiej efektywnoci procesu i
uytecznej jakoci produktu. Zgodno powyszego modelu do przebiegu
rzeczywistego ocenian funkcj (Q=||y–y*||) ustalono na poziomie 6–12% w
zalenoci od waciwoci drewna. Niezbdnym warunkiem podwyszania
równomiernoci i sprawnoci oraz dalszego rozwoju procesu rozdrabniania
materiaów biologicznych i wóknistych jest opracowanie efektywnej metody
modelowania i opisu krzywej nierównomiernoci rozdrabniania.
Sowa kluczowe: nierównomierno, rozdrabnianie, materiay biologiczne, rozdrabniacze wielokrawdziowe
Informacje o konferencjach str. 192